Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy has long been a go-to treatment for children with autism. While it has helped many families, there are growing concerns about how it is applied, its long-term impact, and how it feels for the children receiving it. In recent years, parents, professionals, and autistic self-advocates have started important conversations about the criticisms of ABA therapy, raising thoughtful points about its effectiveness, ethics, and how it can evolve.
Let’s explore these concerns in a way that helps families make informed decisions about their child’s care.
Why ABA Therapy Has Become Controversial
Although ABA is one of the most researched autism therapies, it’s also one of the most debated. Here’s why some people are questioning it today:
- Therapy Can Feel Too Rigid
Some children go through 20 to 40 hours of ABA therapy each week. Critics argue that this much structured time leaves little room for natural play, creativity, and rest. - Focus on “Normalizing” Behavior
A key concern is that traditional ABA sometimes tries to make children with autism appear “less autistic.” This might mean teaching a child to make eye contact or sit still even when it’s uncomfortable. Advocates say the goal should be communication and self-regulation—not masking their true selves. - Not Every Child Responds the Same Way
ABA is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Children are unique. Some thrive with ABA, others show minimal progress or even develop new anxieties. It’s important to consider other autism therapy alternatives and choose what fits best. - Voices of Autistic Adults Are Often Ignored
More adults who received ABA as children are now speaking out. Many describe feeling pressured, misunderstood, or even traumatized by their experiences. Their feedback has added urgency to the conversation.
Ethical Concerns in ABA Therapy
Ethical practices in ABA are being reviewed more carefully today. Concerns include:
- Use of Rewards and Punishments
Some therapists may use repetitive drills and heavy reinforcement, which can feel unnatural. There’s a growing push to make therapy more respectful and flexible. - Lack of Child Consent
Young children in therapy often cannot express if they’re uncomfortable. This raises questions about how to ensure the child feels safe and heard during sessions. - Overfocus on Compliance
Teaching children to follow commands without question may interfere with their ability to set personal boundaries and develop independence.
Frances Fishman, founder of The Play Base and a Board Certified Behaviour Analyst, explains:
“Effective therapy should empower the child. It’s not about changing who they are, but helping them thrive in their own way. That means listening to them, following their lead, and building trust through gentle, meaningful interactions.”
How the ABA Field Is Responding
Fortunately, the field is changing. Many professionals are moving toward more child-led, play-based, and ethical models of ABA. Some of the ways ABA is evolving include:
- Natural Environment Teaching (NET)
Instead of table drills, NET uses everyday activities to teach social and life skills in real-world settings. - Pivotal Response Training (PRT)
This method focuses on motivation and choice, allowing the child to lead interactions. - Parent Collaboration
More ABA programs involve parents in setting goals and making therapy more personalized. - Respecting Neurodiversity
Modern ABA practices are shifting away from “fixing” autism and toward supporting communication, self-regulation, and independence.
According to Frances, “At The Play Base, our approach is rooted in dignity, flexibility, and understanding. We focus on connection and communication, always adapting to each child’s unique needs. That’s how we create real progress—through partnership, not pressure.”
Questions to Ask When Choosing ABA or Alternatives
If you’re thinking about ABA or comparing other autism therapy options, here are some questions to help you make the best choice for your family:
- What are the therapy goals—are they focused on skills or on appearances?
- How does the provider handle consent and child discomfort?
- Is therapy flexible and fun, or mostly drills and repetition?
- Are other treatments like speech therapy or play therapy available?
- How often are parents involved in goal-setting and updates?
- Does the program adjust when something isn’t working?
Moving Forward With Confidence
Every child deserves support that respects who they are. Understanding the criticisms of ABA therapy doesn’t mean rejecting it entirely. It means being thoughtful, asking questions, and seeking professionals who care deeply about your child’s long-term well-being.
At The Play Base, we offer autism therapy designed around your child’s strengths, interests, and comfort. If you’re unsure what type of support is best, we’re here to guide you through your options.
Book a call with an autism therapy expert today and let’s explore what’s right for your family.
